• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a vertically directed turbine (2) for streaming water (3), and where the turbine is provided with at least three vertically (8) arranged sections (4-6). The turbine (2) is arranged to allow water to stream freely through the centre (9) of the turbine. Furthermore, when four sections are provided, the sections are phase shifted as follows: 1, 3, 2 and 4, and so on, in order counted from the top.
    公开号:SE1250195A1
    申请号:SE1250195
    申请日:2012-03-01
    公开日:2013-09-02
    发明作者:Bert Berntsson；Claes I Helgesson
    申请人:Jabe Energy Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a device with a vertically directed turbine for flowing water and where the turbine is provided with at least three storeys distributed in the vertical direction.
    Commercial electricity from hydropower plants or hydroelectric power plants is usually based on waterfalls of various sizes and direct or indirect damming of the stream channel, which adversely affects both fauna and flora.
    The hydropower plants are based on the fall height being utilized by allowing the water to flow through a turbine which then drives a generator for generating electricity. Such structures are difficult to restore when and if the hydropower plant is no longer used. Furthermore, the migration of the natural fish stock upstream and downstream in the watercourse is made impossible, or at least made more difficult.
    It is true that vertically directed water turbines are previously known, for example by: DE 100 40 940 A1, US 1, 556,876A, WO 2011/061559 A1 and WO 2008/002149 A1.
    However, these known turbines are of heavy construction and they have through shafts, which prevents the water from flowing fully through the turbine at its central area. As a result, the efficiency is negatively affected at both low and high flow rates.
    At high flow rates, this is especially negative because water vortices form and provide resistance.
    The main object of the present invention is therefore primarily to e.g. solve the above problems in an efficient, safe and economical way.
    Said object is achieved by means of a device according to the present invention, which is mainly characterized in that the turbine is self-supporting with the possibility of free flow of water through the center of the turbine.
    The invention is described below as a number of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows in perspective and obliquely from above a cylindrical water turbine in vertical working position, Fig. 2 shows a support body for supporting turbine, generator and gearbox according to the invention, Fig. 3 shows a variant of the turbine with a conical design, Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of a turbine, Fig. 5 shows a plan view of a layer of the turbine, Fig. 6-8 shows vanes in the turbine and arranged in different positions, Fig. 9 shows plan views of the turbine different storeys with the vanes in shown different working layers, Fig. 10 shows a curve of the flow velocity of the water at different depths, Fig. 11 shows a side view of a conically constructed turbine, Figs. 12-13 show a side view resp. top view of a supported turbine at watercourses, and Figs. 14-15 show top views of a series of supported turbines anchored along watercourses.
    There is a need for solutions for reproducible, locally produced electricity. 10 l5 The concept of the invention is based on a vertical turbine construction with the following function: Applications where the energy can primarily be used in a free-flowing water for electricity production without having to make extensive interventions in nature through dams of various kinds. The invention is based on a turbine, which is lowered vertically into the flowing water and made to rotate, after which the rotational force is converted into electric current with a generator or used for the operation of mechanical equipment. Because only minimal fixed installations are required, the watercourse can be restored at any time. Furthermore, the migration of the fish is not hindered and the fauna is only marginally affected thanks to the invention.
    The concept also meets the EU's requirements for reproducibility and locally produced energy, whereby electricity losses are significantly reduced thanks to the short transfer distance.
    The turbine design is primarily intended to be used to meet the need for electric power where access to electricity networks is lacking and where there are watercourses available, such as at holiday homes, boat docks or permanent residences far from other buildings or for power supply of villages in developing countries. Another area of use is as a complement to utilize the residual effect in watercourses after a “regular” hydropower plant, the so-called "Turbo effect", within the framework of the hydropower plant's fall rights.
    By connecting a number of turbines in series, electrical energy is obtained that can easily satisfy relatively large-scale electricity needs.
    With today's energy requirements for, for example, environmental house construction of the “Green house” type, it is possible that the electricity consumption of alternating current is now more than halved through the transition to electricity supply with direct current (DC). This is possible as today's technical equipment to a large extent only requires, or can just as well use, direct current of 12-224V, for e.g. lighting (LEDs), ventilation, heating, telephony, computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.
    The main idea is thus to primarily meet the need for direct current (DC) and secondarily by using existing commercial converters (inverters) convert the current to 220-240V alternating current (AC) where absolute requirements exist.
    The turbine's design is based on the idea that it should “receive” as much power from the flowing water as possible on the pressure side, while the back pressure should be as low as possible. The turbine consists of three to ten "wheel segments" stacked on top of each other. Each "wheel" consists of two circular discs between which three to six radial "wings" are attached. The width of the wings, actual height, is 20 to 50% of the diameter of the discs.
    The wings are placed at regular intervals over the diameter of the disc so that e.g. with three wings they are placed with 120 ° displacement and with five wings with 72 ° displacement.
    The wings have been shown solely to give a sense of proportion. They consist of a straight part, making up 40 to 75% of the total length.
    Then the disc bends 30 to 45 degrees and after another 10 to 30% of the length, the disc bends another 30 to 45 degrees. According to the invention, the latter part of the "wing", which constitutes 10 to 30% of the entire length, is attached to the circulating discs at the top and bottom.
    The remaining part of the "wing", constituting 70 to 90% of the length of the "wing", is attached with a hinge to the fixed part of the wing. This part of the wing can then be moved between two stops by the water l0 l5 force. At the beginning of the lap, when the water pressure hits the curved front of the wings, the moving part of the wing is pressed against the rear stop and a maximum proportion of the water pressure is taken up by the wing. When the wing comes to the opposite side of the turn, the water pressure causes the moving part of the wing to be pressed against the front stop, whereby the wing is minimally affected by the water pressure from behind.
    The wings as well as the circular discs are light and made of a disc material of e.g. aluminum, fiber-reinforced plastic, laminate or other lightweight material.
    When several wheel segments are stacked on top of each other, each segment is rotated so that the position of the wings is angularly displaced relative to each other to obtain an even load. At e.g. three wings per wheel segment and e.g. four wheel segments stacked on top of each other, the displacement between each wheel segment is 30 °.
    To ensure an even load along the length of the turbine, the phase shift must be distributed along the length of the turbine at e.g. the following way in the most common design with three wings per wheel segment and with e.g. four wheel segments stacked on top of each other, although at least three stacked wheel segments may suffice: - Wheel segment no. 2: 60 degrees phase shift in relation to wheel segment no. 1 - Wheel segment no. 3:30 degree phase shift in relation to wheel segment no. 1 - Wheel segment No. 4: 90 degree phase shift in relation to wheel segment No. 1 Or in other words, the order between the sectors shall be l-3-2. l0 l5 With a different number of wings and / or different number of wheel segments, the angular displacement is l4,4 ° between the wheel segments.
    The drawings show the function with “foldable” wings at different levels.
    At shallow currents and at high flow velocities, the flow velocity at the surface becomes markedly higher than further below the water surface. The flow velocity then acquires a gradient. In order to make maximum use of the force in the water flow under such conditions and obtain an even load in each wheel segment, it is advantageous for the wheel segments to have a larger diameter at lower water depths. In the example shown, wheel segment no. 2 (calculated from the water surface) has a diameter that is 20% larger than wheel segment no. 1. Wheel segment no. 3 further has a diameter that is 44% larger than wheel segment no. 1, ie. a 20% diameter increase between the individual wheel segments. Wheel segment no. 4 has a diameter that is approximately 70% larger than wheel segment no. 1. The gradual increase in wheel diameter can vary based on the specific conditions. The difference in diameter between the wheel segments can vary from 0 to about 40%.
    The function of the energy plant is as follows: The principle of the turbine is to, through minimized dead weight and friction, provide the opportunity to produce electricity even at low flow rates of water and air. When the turbine is immersed in a watercourse or exposed to wind, the turbine's wings are powered by the flowing water and a rotational force arises. This rotational force can be transmitted to a generator to generate current or used in another way e.g. for operation of rotating machines. l0 l5 In both cases, if necessary, the rotational force from the turbine can be mechanically shifted up or down to the desired speed to obtain optimal power from the generator connected to the turbine. The gearbox can be combined with an automatic slip function so that it can compensate for any stops or other rapid speed changes.
    The generator is suspended by using two sliding bearings on a separate shaft which is connected to the gearbox with e.g. 400 mm distance. To keep the shaft in place and not slip out of the plain bearings, use: 1. First above each plain bearing a thickening of the shaft as a secondary fuse. 2. Directly below the sliding bearings, a groove is cut for an external victory safety device and above this, a nylon sliding washer of larger dimension is placed.
    To facilitate transport, the entire plant is divisible by the turbine. The turbine's drive shaft is equipped with an overflow holder which is screwed on and secured with two through bolts to the shaft of the gearbox.
    The turbine and generator package can e.g. placed on a fixed bridge or a floating raft anchored some distance out into the watercourse. The rotational force and / or the current generated in the generator is led ashore.
    Advantageously, the turbine together with a floating bridge or a floating buoy as well as a possible generator and gearbox can form a fixed unit that can be transported for temporary reduction in a suitable watercourse, e.g. for temporary power supply in emergency situations or the like.
    Alternative I. Specially manufactured floating bridge which is: 10 a. Anchored with four posts for bottom holders for adjustment in height, for regulation to the water level at e.g. ebb and flow or spring and summer. b. anchored from quay edge Alternative ll. Quay anchorage with: a. Modified marine s.k. Y-beam b. Step-shaped floating buoy The generator with its gearbox (the “generator package”) is mounted on a suitable surface of the cable ladder type where the turbine is attached and secured before immersion in the water. The electricity produced is carried by suitable cables to an electrical cabinet, which is preferably free-standing and mounted on solid ground.
    Turbines with associated peripherals can be placed close together in a "turbine park" to have a higher, total output power. Advantageously, the turbines can be placed one after the other in the current direction to minimize intrusion into the watercourse and the impact on boat traffic and fishing. Depending on the choice of the number of turbines in the “turbine park”, the need for locally produced electricity with considerable effect can be met.
    The turbines can be connected mechanically so that the kinetic energy is combined into a common generator, land-based power station.
    According to the invention, a device 1 at vertically directed turbine 2 for flowing water 3 and where the turbine is provided with at least three storeys 4-7 distributed in vertical direction 8 comprises a turbine 2 of self-supporting type and with the possibility of free flow of water 3 through the turbine mitt 9.
    The order of rotation of the different storeys of the known turbines is not selected according to specially selected rates, but runs in the usual order from one to the other.
    Therefore, the different floors 4-7 are offset and the turbine blades 10 are movable automatically adjustable.
    In the case of three storeys 4-6, the rate offset is as follows: 1,3 and 2 and in the case of four storeys 4-7, the rate offset is as follows 1, 3, 2 and 4, and so on. Turbines 2 consist of a light construction, preferably aluminum or plastic material e.g. with composite material.
    To enable storage of the turbine 2, the bearing shaft 11 of the turbine projects axially upwards 12 from the upper side 13 of the turbine and this storage shaft 11 is connectable to a gearbox 14 and a generator 15.
    The turbine 2 can, as shown in e.g. Figs. 1, 2 and 4 have a uniform diameter D along their entire height H, alternatively that the turbine 2 has an increasing width between floors 4-7 in the direction from top to bottom 16.
    Each floor 4-7 of the turbine 2 has at least three pieces, along the circumference of the turbine evenly distributed articulated turbine blades 10.
    Each paddle consists of two paddle halves 10A, 10B of which one half 10A is mounted fixedly while the other paddle half 10B is mounted pivotable about a paddle bearing shaft 17 and is abutable against stop stops 18, 22.
    The pivotally mounted vane half 10B is V-shaped at an obtuse angle X, the fixed vane half 10A being located with its inwardly facing end of the center 9 of the turbine spaced from said center 9 and that the outwardly facing portion of the pivotally mounted vane at least twice the length of the fixed vane half 10A.
    Figures 2 and 14-15 show a pontoon 20 which is arranged to support one or more turbines 2 according to the present invention floating in the current flowing watercourse 3. Figures 12-13 show turbine 2, gearbox 14 and generator 15 supported by a support 21 which is anchored on fixed land 22, on a buoy or on a floating bridge, etc. In Figs. 6-8, the movement pattern of a turbine blade 10 is shown illustrated when water 3 flows through the turbine 2.
    Stop l8 resp. 22 prevents the turbine blade 10 from continuing to pivot past intended desired positions.
    The turbine blades 10 are movably mounted to be pivoted about their respective pivot axis 17.
    The different storeys 4-7 of the turbine 2 are separated from each other by a disc 24 and the ends of the turbine also end with a disc 25.
    The present design is based on a practically tested, ultra-light turbine with a minimum of resistance in the gearbox and generator, since moments of inertia at low weight provide a responsive speed to the flow speed of the water.
    Furthermore, the construction provides a high degree of mobility through light weight and partial assembly.
    The turbine is based on a self-supporting structure without a continuous shaft, which gives the abundance of water the opportunity to flow freely through the entire turbine. Which also affects the efficiency both at low flow velocities, which gives pure resistance, as at high flow velocities, where it then minimizes water vortices which usually give considerable resistance.
    The design and location of the vanes interact with the floor plan and the turbine's cooperating floor plan together with the rate offset of 1.3.2 minimizes vibrations and clearly affects the turbine's power. The nature and function of the invention will have been apparent from the foregoing and from those shown in the drawings.
    The invention is of course not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications are possible, in particular as regards the nature of the various parts, or by the use of equivalent techniques, without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    Device (1) at vertically directed turbine and wherein the turbine is provided (4-6) (2) for flowing water (3) with at least three storeys distributed in vertical direction (8), characterized in that the turbine (2) is self-supporting with the possibility of free flow of water (3) through the center of the turbine (9).
    [2]
    Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the different storeys (4-7) are offset by the stroke and in that the turbine blades (10) are movably automatically adjustable.
    [3]
    Device according to one of the claims, that in the presence of three storeys 1-2, characterized thereof, planes (4-7), the rate offset is 1, 3 and 2.
    [4]
    Device according to any one of the preceding claims, each floor plan according to claim 4, characterized by (4-7) having at least three articulated vanes (10) evenly distributed along its circumference.
    [5]
    Device according to claim 4, characterized in that each paddle (10) consists of two paddle halves, one half of which (10A) is mounted fixedly (10B) vortex (10A, 10B) while the other half is mounted pivotable about a paddle bearing shaft (17) and is abutable against a stop (18, 22).
    [6]
    Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the pivotally mounted vane half (10B) is V-shaped at an obtuse angle (X), the fixed vane half (10A) being located with it inwards towards the center of the turbine (19). facing end located at a distance from said center (19) and that the outwardly facing portion of the pivotally mounted vane half has at least twice the length of the fixed vane half (10A).
    [7]
    Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the turbine (2) consists of a light construction such as, for example, light metal material, preferably aluminum or plastic material.
    [8]
    Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the turbine (2) has a uniform diameter (D) along its entire height (H).
    [9]
    Device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, in that the turbine (2), characterized by it, has an increased width between the storeys (4-7) in the direction from above and down (16).
    [10]
    Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing shaft (11) of the turbine projects axially upwards (12) from the upper side (13) of the turbine.
    [11]
    Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the storage shaft (11) can be connected to a gearbox (14) and a generator (15).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE538147C2|2016-03-15|
    WO2013129991A1|2013-09-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JPS5439548B2|1976-05-28|1979-11-28|
    DE10040940B4|2000-08-20|2004-01-15|Gerhard Ellerbeck|Multi-stage water wheel|
    SE0004845L|2000-12-27|2002-06-28|Winmill As|Wind or water driven device for generating electric current, pump operation and the like|
    US20110309624A1|2009-03-11|2011-12-22|Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd|Device and system for extracting tidal energy|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1250195A|SE538147C2|2012-03-01|2012-03-01|Device at turbine|SE1250195A| SE538147C2|2012-03-01|2012-03-01|Device at turbine|
    PCT/SE2013/050026| WO2013129991A1|2012-03-01|2013-01-17|Stacked turbine with vertical axis for flowing water|
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